Cylium Language Documentation

Language version: 0.1.1

Language Reference

Comments

Comments start with # and continue to the end of the line.

# This is a comment
echo Hello World

Labels

Labels mark positions in code that can be jumped to using goto.

start:
    echo "Looping"
    goto start

Variables and Constants

Declaration

Variables are declared with var, constants with const.

var name = value
const PI = 3.14159

Types

Cylium has five built-in types:
- String - Text data (e.g., hello)
- Number - Integer values (e.g., 42)
- Float - Floating-point values (e.g., 3.14)
- Boolean - True/false values (e.g., true, false)
- Vector - Dynamic arrays

Type Conversion

Use the as operator to convert between types:

var value = input

# Convert string to number
value as number  

# Convert to floating point
value as float   

# Convert to boolean
value as bool    

# Convert string to vector of characters
value as vector

Vector Operations

Vectors can be created and manipulated:

# Empty vector
var vec = vector

# Vector with capacity
var vec = vector 10

# Vector with initial values
var vec = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

# Add element
vec push 6

# Remove element by index
vec remove 2

# Access element
echo {vec[0]}

# Modify element
vec[0] = 10
vec[0] += 5

Built-in Constants

pi - Mathematical constant π
e - Euler’s number
sqrt_2 - Square root of 2
tau - Mathematical constant τ (2π)

Memory Management

Use delete to free variable memory:

var temp = data
# Use temp...
delete temp

Operators

Arithmetic Operators

+ - Addition or string concatenation
- - Subtraction
* - Multiplication or string repetition
/ - Division
% - Modulo

Assignment Operators

= - Simple assignment
+= - Add and assign
-= - Subtract and assign
*= - Multiply and assign
/= - Divide and assign
%= - Modulo and assign

Comparison Operators

== - Equal to
!= - Not equal to
> - Greater than
< - Less than
>= - Greater than or equal to
<= - Less than or equal to

Logical Operators

and - Logical AND
or - Logical OR
not - Logical NOT

Control Flow

Conditional Statements

if condition then action
if condition then goto label
if condition then echo message

Else and Else If

if condition then action
else if condition then action
else action

Loops (via goto)

var i = 0
loop:
    echo {i}
    i += 1
    if i < 10 then loop

Input/Output

Output with echo

echo Hello World
echo {variable}
echo Text with {variable} inside

Input

# Reads from standard input
var name = input

Exit Program

# Success
exit 0    

# Error
exit 1

Special Vector Methods

Type Conversion for Vectors

Convert all elements in a vector:

# Convert all elements to numbers
vec as numbers   

# Convert all elements to strings
vec as strings   

# Convert all elements to floats
vec as floats    

# Convert all elements to booleans
vec as bools

Vector Properties

# Get vector length
var length = vec[length]

# Get vector capacity
var capacity = vec[capacity]

# Remove duplicates
vec unique

String Interpolation

Use {} to embed expressions within strings:

var name = World

# Output: Hello World!
echo Hello {name}! 

# Output: Result: 11
echo Result: {5 + 3 * 2}

Best Practices

Use labels for readability - Instead of line numbers in goto statements
Manage memory explicitly - Delete variables when no longer needed
Comment complex logic - Use comments for non-obvious control flow
Validate input - Convert and check user input early